Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention - 1877 Words

Introduction Does exposure to deviant peers affect whether individuals participate in general delinquency? Peers have an influence on the developing individual where the individual shares definitions favorable to them (Snyder, Dishion, Patterson, 1982). Findings in literature suggest that delinquent youths are involved in a relationship between peers delinquent behavior and a respondent’s own delinquency (Warr, 1996). Shaw and McKay, in 1931, discovered that more than 80% of individuals had deviant peers, and they have a strong tendency to commit delinquent acts in the company of others. Studies found that relationships of peer delinquency from self†report delinquency surpasses that of any other independent variable, regardless of whether†¦show more content†¦Results reveal that labeling is simply an effect and not a predictor for delinquency (Adams Evans, 1996). Current Study The current study will examine if deviant peers have a substantial impact on whether individuals commit general delinquency. Robert Akers (1979) differential association stands on its own for explaining a good portion of why adolescents commit delinquent acts. Higher levels of delinquent peers have a strong positive impact on delinquency. I will investigate whether or not exposure to deviant peers affects whether adolescents participate in general delinquency. In order to test the relationship between deviant peers and general delinquency data from wave 7 of NYS were analyzed. General Delinquency were operationalized by self reports using questions of how many of the individuals engaged in a variety of delinquent act in the past year. Time spent with friends will be operationalized using questions on how many hours in the past week did you spend with friends and peer delinquency will be using questions that of how many of the individuals friends participated in the different delinque nt acts. It is hypothesized that delinquent peers affect whether individuals participate in general delinquency. I also hypothesize that time spent with friends and deviant peers will be associated with each Methods Data and Sampling â€Å"Data forShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1598 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), there are more than 70 million Americans, about 1 in 4 of those are younger than 18, which is the age group commonly referred to as juveniles (2014). A juvenile delinquent is created when one of these juveniles display disruptive behavior that is beyond parents control and or violates the law. The violations range from simple offenses like smoking or fighting to violent crimes like sexual assaultRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention2440 Words   |  10 Pagesincarcerated or confined (Census, n.d). According to the U.S Department of Justice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests was for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests was for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amount of 1,470,000 arrests for 2011(Puzzanchera, 2013). The most popular crime committed between juveniles is arson, wh ich makes up for 44% of all crimes committed by youths. Robbery and burglary bothRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention2506 Words   |  11 Pagesincarcerated or confined (Census, n.d). According to the U.S Department of Justice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests were for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests were for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amount of 1,470,000 arrests for 2011(Puzzanchera, 2013). The most popular crime committed between juveniles is Arson, which makes up for 44% of all crimes committed in youths. Robbery and burglaryRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1617 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government even formed an office called the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention that operates under United States department of Justice to attempt â€Å"by supporting states, local communities, and tribal jur isdictions in their efforts to develop and implement effective programs for juveniles†. (Howell, J. C., Wilson, J. J., Reno, J., Marcus, D., Leary, M. L.) The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established a policy that enables communities officials andRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act6750 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) is the principal federal program through which the federal government sets standards for juvenile justice systems at the state and local levels. It provides direct funding for states, research, training, and technical assistance, and evaluation. The JJDPA was originally enacted in 1974 and even though the JJDPA has been revised several times over the past 30 years, its basic composition has remained the same. Since the actRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides leadership and technical assistance in the development, implementation, and operation of new approaches, techniques, and methods related to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention. In 1999, OJJDP created the Safe Start Initiative to prevent and reduce the impact of children s exposure to violence in both the home and the community, and to expan d the knowledge base of evidence-based practices. Exposure to violence is definedRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act1577 Words   |  7 Pagesis to research the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. The paper will focus on the purpose of this legislation, as well as the values that are expressed by this policy. This paper will not only address why this piece of legislation is important it will discuss the effects this act has had on the communities as well as the youths themselves. This paper, will also address the potential for change about the public attitudes towards the juvenile justice system and the socialRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741625 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile or â€Å"youthful inmate† as defined by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is any person under the age of eighteen who is under adult-court supervision and incarcerated or detained in a priso n or jail. While PREA defines a juvenile as under the age of eighteen the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) allows the states to set their own definition of a juvenile (Lahey). This discrepancy in the definition of a juvenile has caused problems and slow progressRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthan 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offerin g bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculums and mentoring programs. â€Å"If gangs

The Right Path For America s Education - 1232 Words

Yun Hee Sul Professor ENG 111 November 09, 2015 The Right Path for America’s Education â€Å"The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education† (qtd. in, The Function of Education) is one of many famous quotes by Martin Luther King Jr. that many Americans remember. However, the contemporary American education seems way off the path. Instead of learning to think intensively and critically, students these days are stopped whatever they were doing to prepare for tests that count more than all the class works they have been accomplishing for the entire time at school. Sometimes, they even have to work really hard only to find out what they were doing at school was actually unnecessary if they did not do well on these standardized tests. Are these tests really the right measure for quality education or to see whether or not students are qualified to go to college? These standardized testing should be eliminated in American school in order for the quality education system. Standardized Testing have been ubiquitous in America for more than 50 years. It originates from China where they used similar test systems to gauge individual’s Confucian philosophy and poetry for government jobs. After No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was passed in America in 2001 to ensure high quality student achievements through tests (Yell 180-181), the use of these standardized tests rose. Western WorldShow MoreRelatedAn Article About The Educational System And Where We Stand On A Global Scale960 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Let’s make America great again,† a term coined sometime around the early 1980’s. Things at the time weren’t too different than the present, America was feeling the effects of recession and unemployment rates were peaking. Although the economy would eventually recover, at the time citizens were faced a daily reminder of how vulnerable the country was to being less than the greatest country in the world. Today Americans are fa ced with similar reminder of the nation s vulnerabilities not only financiallyRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages A Worn Path Research Paper The introduction of historical figures, events, and documents sparked in the twentieth century. Documents such as, the Declaration of independence, Bill of Rights, United States Constitution, and the Gettysburg Address are some examples of historical documents. These documents carry such a heavy meaning that the blood and gore that were included are often ignored. Although when the Civil Rights movement is mentioned, there are judgments that are made and accusationsRead MoreIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury782 Words   |  3 Pagesremain at an all time high, murders happen every day, information stays censored, the education system remains flawed. Now, all of these things can also describe another society, America. The fictional society in Fahrenheit 451 and America have many things in common, only proving further, that America remains on a downward spiral. First, modern American society relates to the society in Fahrenheit 451 through education. In Fahrenheit 451 schools have the kids sit in a classroom and learn from a TV.Read MoreUniversity s Center On Education And The Workforce Estimates875 Words   |  4 PagesGeorgetown University s Center on Education and the Workforce estimates that by 2020, nearly two-thirds of all jobs will require some postsecondary education or training beyond a high school diploma. The premise of this article is that the traditional college prep curriculum at most high schools is not favoring a sizable percentage of American teenagers. Some people consider technical or vocational high schools a valid choice for students who choose not to pursue a customary educational path. HighlightedRead MoreEducation : Education And Development1281 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 11: Education and Development Education took a shift in the 1950’s in Latin America. Due to the change of society, education began to shift as well. Education in Latin America went from consumption to production and striving the development of all nations and mass education was the key to access modernization. Schooling was a way of teaching the knowledge, values, and attitudes that would modernize a society as well as uphold the industrial economy. The focal point of education in Latin AmericaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Creation Regained By Albert M. Wolters1531 Words   |  7 Pagesfaith and differences among races. Charles seeks to understand American history in order to help solve problems that are devastate America. He is a member of many organizations which help Native American communities in their development. Charles also seeks to help people better understand differences among races. He tries to solve problems that are acquiring through education, conversations, and some stand up actions. He a lso tries to fight injustices that is happening against Native Americans and otherRead MoreThe Presidential Election And Caucus903 Words   |  4 PagesAngela Adams for Access to Higher Education â€Å"an estimated 11.5 million of the more than 40 million foreign-born individuals residing in the United States are considered undocumented immigrants,† (Adams, 2015, p.47). Of these roughly 2 million make up â€Å"undocumented students† pursuing a higher education. However, whether those numerical figures are unknown or not, one thing remains for certain: the United States is in need of either an immigration reform or a path to citizenship for deserving individualsRead MoreThe Importance Of College Education1593 Words   |  7 Pageswhy the majority of high school parents across America, choose to send their kids to college. College may also help students achieve a greater knowledge on their career path. Then again college may limit career options, when students get strapped into thinking they have to go into a certain major, in order to be successful. â€Å"A 17- or 18-year-old deciding whether and where to go to college should carefully consider his or her own likely path of education and career before committing a considerable amountRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Souls Of Black Folk 1026 Words   |  5 Pagesarea of politics, as southern states amended their constitutions to deny Black American citizens their voting rights that had b een ratified by the Fifteenth Amendment. The beliefs of racial uplift, was an idea that placed responsibility on educated Black people for the well-being of the majority of their race. This was a reaction to the assault on African American civil and political rights, also known as â€Å"the Negro problem (Washington 8).† During this era, there were opportunities for Black peopleRead MoreEssay on Reform Between 1825 And 18501352 Words   |  6 Pagesto form, all attempting to change aspects of the United States that the respective groups thought to be unfair or unjust. Some groups, such as lower and middle class women and immigrants, sought to improve rights within the county, while other reformers aspired to change the American education system into a more efficient way of teaching the county’s youth. Still other reform groups, particularly involved in the church and the second great awakening, wanted to change society as a whole. This was

Sugar and Slave free essay sample

Sierra Sobbed Sugar and slave trade Sugar is filled with sweetness, but the sweetness of sugar was covered up by the saltiness of sweat. Sugar has been started all over the world, from the labor from Africa, markets from Europe and its origins in Asia. The sugar and slavery trade included Africa, Asia and Europe. This was called the triangular trade. Demands, land, capitol and labor were things that drove the sugar and slave trade. One thing that drove the sugar trade was the demand for sugar.Demand is the key point to any business because without the consumers want for the product there would be no business. In 1800, Benjamin Mosey writer of A Treatise on Sugar With Miscellaneous Medical Observations (doc) explains that the increased consumption Of the demand for sugar and the reason for the increase of consumption for sugar was because of taste. Which makes sense because the more people consume the sugar the demand will increase and if people consumed less sugar the demand would decrease. The chart thats adapted from Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Mitt, from Private Decay as Public Economic Virtue Tooth (doc 2) shows the growth of British sugar consumption like in 1700 the sugar import was 280. 7 and in 1 770 it increased to 1,379. 2. Also in the chart it shows that the population number has increased and a bigger population meant that the consumption and import number to grow. The analysis of document 2 is: a chart adapted from Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Smith, from the Private Decay as Public Economic Virtue Tooth that was published by the Duke University press in 1990 and is a secondary source. Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Smith are relatable because they are both professors and they both have to be tolerant to be good professors. Also since this is a chart, there really cant be an opinion. It would be helpful to have a business book from a merchant that imported sugar because it would be useful to know to know how much a merchant would import and sell because it would show the demand of the sugar and the consumption and it would also be helpful if it was a different European country that wasnt England.The demand for sugar helped drive the sugar and slave trade but it also helped capital too. Land and capitol also helped drive the slave and sugar trade. Land provides raw materials for every product mankind has ever created or consumed and the capitol refers to sums of money or assets put to productive use. Document A shows a colonial map of the Caribbean. In this map it shows which country ruled what colony. This shows which country owned what land mass. And since Cuba, Dominique Republic and Puerco Rice were great to grow sugar and it was important to know who ruled over them. Sydney W.Mint, writer Of Sweetness and Power: the place of Sugar in modern history says that sugar became the sweetener to tea, coffee and chocolate and with tobacco and rum it brought competitors for British preference. Since capital refers to SUms of money or assets put to productive use the capital would make sure people would buy sugar. 1985, Sydney W. Mint point of view is not bias but is straight forward and shows facts. It would be useful to have a map of a sugar industry because it would help to know who a sugar industry would like since its using the land for the sugar industry. To make the sugar there is a need for labor.Without labor there is no one to make the sugar and without workers to make the sugar there is no business. 1763, John Campbell (doc 4) states that the inhabitants of the sugar colonies were made up of whites and African slaves. And since there was a demand for sugar there was a need for more workers. Since Europeans wanted cheap labor it equaled into slaves because you din t need to pay slaves. At first the Europeans tried to make Native Americans work but the Native Americans couldnt handle it because they werent immune to the diseases from the Old World so it caused Africans to be slaves.Samuel Dickers wrote a letter to a member of Parliament (doc 3) that says that there were a hundred thousand slaves in just the island of Jamaica. The African slaves were brought to what Was called the middle passage. First a slave would be separated from their family and friends then they were forced to march to costal pens, which 30% of them died then into the middle passage which had poor hygiene, yester, diseases and bad treatment. The responds were suicide or mutiny on ships. The mortality percent was up to 20% in the middle passage.Over 20 million were in the middle passage but only 12-13 million slaves made it. As a resident of many years in the island of Jamaica, Samuel Dickers (doc 3) seems trustworthy because he has lived in Jamaica for awhile and he would know how it looks and also its from that time period. It would be useful to have an autobiography or a diary from a slave that survived the middle passage or from Aloud Equation because it would show how the slaves were treated. It loud make sense as a young African slave to write about their experiences because it would show how bad the were being treated.Demand, land, capital and labor were things that drove the Sugar and slave trade. Demand: the want for the sugar, land and capital: raw materials and sums of money or assets put to productive use, labor: slavery. The sugar and slave trade changed the world for many years. Without the sugar trade there wouldnt be a slave trade.

Platos Cave and Pleasantville a Comparison free essay sample

The walls of Pleasantville are represented as the strict and â€Å"pure† lifestyle that citizens of Pleasantville are forced to accept as reality. Pleasantville’s lifestyle consists of predestined roles within its society, as well as restricted personal expression of emotional feelings and artistic views, and the repression of free thought by collective ignorance. These â€Å"walls† of Pleasantville directly correlate with the walls in Plato’s allegory of the cave by identifying with the lack of personal thought and opinions that make up an individual.Just as the prisoners of Plato’s Cave are subjected to a false reality of shadow puppetry so are the citizens of Pleasantville subject to conformity. However, once personal choice is explored citizens of Pleasantville cannot go back to living as they once did, just as the enlightened prisoner of Plato’s cave cannot return to past beliefs with his newly found ideas. The initial observation of a different point of view causes citizens of Pleasantville to question and defy their upbringing. We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Cave and Pleasantville: a Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These new points of view are rejected by those unfamiliar with individuality just as in Plato’s Cave where the newly enlightened prisoner and his views are rejected by the unenlightened prisoners. To fully escape the confines of the walls of Pleasantville one must challenge former authority and reject the emotionless and stale world they have been brought up in. It is through this split belief of former and future knowledge that Plato says divides the enlightened from the ignorant.Both sides have reject each other’s idea of reality, the ignorant being blind to what they cannot see and the enlightened having their eyes open to what they did not see originally. Pleasantville utilizes this comparison by distinguishing two sides of people, those who are composed of color and have began their search for individuality, and those in black and white who cling to their ignorance. Eventually every citizen of Pleasantville becomes colored, either through some form of expression or discovery of emotion or an idea, ultimately leaving the walls of Pleasantville. It is this individual belief that separates one person from another, and that Plato says should be equally considered to become enlightened.