Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention - 1877 Words

Introduction Does exposure to deviant peers affect whether individuals participate in general delinquency? Peers have an influence on the developing individual where the individual shares definitions favorable to them (Snyder, Dishion, Patterson, 1982). Findings in literature suggest that delinquent youths are involved in a relationship between peers delinquent behavior and a respondent’s own delinquency (Warr, 1996). Shaw and McKay, in 1931, discovered that more than 80% of individuals had deviant peers, and they have a strong tendency to commit delinquent acts in the company of others. Studies found that relationships of peer delinquency from self†report delinquency surpasses that of any other independent variable, regardless of whether†¦show more content†¦Results reveal that labeling is simply an effect and not a predictor for delinquency (Adams Evans, 1996). Current Study The current study will examine if deviant peers have a substantial impact on whether individuals commit general delinquency. Robert Akers (1979) differential association stands on its own for explaining a good portion of why adolescents commit delinquent acts. Higher levels of delinquent peers have a strong positive impact on delinquency. I will investigate whether or not exposure to deviant peers affects whether adolescents participate in general delinquency. In order to test the relationship between deviant peers and general delinquency data from wave 7 of NYS were analyzed. General Delinquency were operationalized by self reports using questions of how many of the individuals engaged in a variety of delinquent act in the past year. Time spent with friends will be operationalized using questions on how many hours in the past week did you spend with friends and peer delinquency will be using questions that of how many of the individuals friends participated in the different delinque nt acts. It is hypothesized that delinquent peers affect whether individuals participate in general delinquency. I also hypothesize that time spent with friends and deviant peers will be associated with each Methods Data and Sampling â€Å"Data forShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1598 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), there are more than 70 million Americans, about 1 in 4 of those are younger than 18, which is the age group commonly referred to as juveniles (2014). A juvenile delinquent is created when one of these juveniles display disruptive behavior that is beyond parents control and or violates the law. The violations range from simple offenses like smoking or fighting to violent crimes like sexual assaultRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention2440 Words   |  10 Pagesincarcerated or confined (Census, n.d). According to the U.S Department of Justice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests was for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests was for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amount of 1,470,000 arrests for 2011(Puzzanchera, 2013). The most popular crime committed between juveniles is arson, wh ich makes up for 44% of all crimes committed by youths. Robbery and burglary bothRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention2506 Words   |  11 Pagesincarcerated or confined (Census, n.d). According to the U.S Department of Justice’s office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention, it was reported in 2011 that 1 in 13 of juvenile arrests were for murder, and about 1 in 5 arrests were for robbery, burglary, or larceny-theft; totaling in an estimated amount of 1,470,000 arrests for 2011(Puzzanchera, 2013). The most popular crime committed between juveniles is Arson, which makes up for 44% of all crimes committed in youths. Robbery and burglaryRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1617 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government even formed an office called the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention that operates under United States department of Justice to attempt â€Å"by supporting states, local communities, and tribal jur isdictions in their efforts to develop and implement effective programs for juveniles†. (Howell, J. C., Wilson, J. J., Reno, J., Marcus, D., Leary, M. L.) The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established a policy that enables communities officials andRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act6750 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) is the principal federal program through which the federal government sets standards for juvenile justice systems at the state and local levels. It provides direct funding for states, research, training, and technical assistance, and evaluation. The JJDPA was originally enacted in 1974 and even though the JJDPA has been revised several times over the past 30 years, its basic composition has remained the same. Since the actRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides leadership and technical assistance in the development, implementation, and operation of new approaches, techniques, and methods related to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention. In 1999, OJJDP created the Safe Start Initiative to prevent and reduce the impact of children s exposure to violence in both the home and the community, and to expan d the knowledge base of evidence-based practices. Exposure to violence is definedRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act1577 Words   |  7 Pagesis to research the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. The paper will focus on the purpose of this legislation, as well as the values that are expressed by this policy. This paper will not only address why this piece of legislation is important it will discuss the effects this act has had on the communities as well as the youths themselves. This paper, will also address the potential for change about the public attitudes towards the juvenile justice system and the socialRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741625 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile or â€Å"youthful inmate† as defined by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is any person under the age of eighteen who is under adult-court supervision and incarcerated or detained in a priso n or jail. While PREA defines a juvenile as under the age of eighteen the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) allows the states to set their own definition of a juvenile (Lahey). This discrepancy in the definition of a juvenile has caused problems and slow progressRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthan 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offerin g bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculums and mentoring programs. â€Å"If gangs

The Right Path For America s Education - 1232 Words

Yun Hee Sul Professor ENG 111 November 09, 2015 The Right Path for America’s Education â€Å"The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education† (qtd. in, The Function of Education) is one of many famous quotes by Martin Luther King Jr. that many Americans remember. However, the contemporary American education seems way off the path. Instead of learning to think intensively and critically, students these days are stopped whatever they were doing to prepare for tests that count more than all the class works they have been accomplishing for the entire time at school. Sometimes, they even have to work really hard only to find out what they were doing at school was actually unnecessary if they did not do well on these standardized tests. Are these tests really the right measure for quality education or to see whether or not students are qualified to go to college? These standardized testing should be eliminated in American school in order for the quality education system. Standardized Testing have been ubiquitous in America for more than 50 years. It originates from China where they used similar test systems to gauge individual’s Confucian philosophy and poetry for government jobs. After No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was passed in America in 2001 to ensure high quality student achievements through tests (Yell 180-181), the use of these standardized tests rose. Western WorldShow MoreRelatedAn Article About The Educational System And Where We Stand On A Global Scale960 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Let’s make America great again,† a term coined sometime around the early 1980’s. Things at the time weren’t too different than the present, America was feeling the effects of recession and unemployment rates were peaking. Although the economy would eventually recover, at the time citizens were faced a daily reminder of how vulnerable the country was to being less than the greatest country in the world. Today Americans are fa ced with similar reminder of the nation s vulnerabilities not only financiallyRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages A Worn Path Research Paper The introduction of historical figures, events, and documents sparked in the twentieth century. Documents such as, the Declaration of independence, Bill of Rights, United States Constitution, and the Gettysburg Address are some examples of historical documents. These documents carry such a heavy meaning that the blood and gore that were included are often ignored. Although when the Civil Rights movement is mentioned, there are judgments that are made and accusationsRead MoreIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury782 Words   |  3 Pagesremain at an all time high, murders happen every day, information stays censored, the education system remains flawed. Now, all of these things can also describe another society, America. The fictional society in Fahrenheit 451 and America have many things in common, only proving further, that America remains on a downward spiral. First, modern American society relates to the society in Fahrenheit 451 through education. In Fahrenheit 451 schools have the kids sit in a classroom and learn from a TV.Read MoreUniversity s Center On Education And The Workforce Estimates875 Words   |  4 PagesGeorgetown University s Center on Education and the Workforce estimates that by 2020, nearly two-thirds of all jobs will require some postsecondary education or training beyond a high school diploma. The premise of this article is that the traditional college prep curriculum at most high schools is not favoring a sizable percentage of American teenagers. Some people consider technical or vocational high schools a valid choice for students who choose not to pursue a customary educational path. HighlightedRead MoreEducation : Education And Development1281 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 11: Education and Development Education took a shift in the 1950’s in Latin America. Due to the change of society, education began to shift as well. Education in Latin America went from consumption to production and striving the development of all nations and mass education was the key to access modernization. Schooling was a way of teaching the knowledge, values, and attitudes that would modernize a society as well as uphold the industrial economy. The focal point of education in Latin AmericaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Creation Regained By Albert M. Wolters1531 Words   |  7 Pagesfaith and differences among races. Charles seeks to understand American history in order to help solve problems that are devastate America. He is a member of many organizations which help Native American communities in their development. Charles also seeks to help people better understand differences among races. He tries to solve problems that are acquiring through education, conversations, and some stand up actions. He a lso tries to fight injustices that is happening against Native Americans and otherRead MoreThe Presidential Election And Caucus903 Words   |  4 PagesAngela Adams for Access to Higher Education â€Å"an estimated 11.5 million of the more than 40 million foreign-born individuals residing in the United States are considered undocumented immigrants,† (Adams, 2015, p.47). Of these roughly 2 million make up â€Å"undocumented students† pursuing a higher education. However, whether those numerical figures are unknown or not, one thing remains for certain: the United States is in need of either an immigration reform or a path to citizenship for deserving individualsRead MoreThe Importance Of College Education1593 Words   |  7 Pageswhy the majority of high school parents across America, choose to send their kids to college. College may also help students achieve a greater knowledge on their career path. Then again college may limit career options, when students get strapped into thinking they have to go into a certain major, in order to be successful. â€Å"A 17- or 18-year-old deciding whether and where to go to college should carefully consider his or her own likely path of education and career before committing a considerable amountRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Souls Of Black Folk 1026 Words   |  5 Pagesarea of politics, as southern states amended their constitutions to deny Black American citizens their voting rights that had b een ratified by the Fifteenth Amendment. The beliefs of racial uplift, was an idea that placed responsibility on educated Black people for the well-being of the majority of their race. This was a reaction to the assault on African American civil and political rights, also known as â€Å"the Negro problem (Washington 8).† During this era, there were opportunities for Black peopleRead MoreEssay on Reform Between 1825 And 18501352 Words   |  6 Pagesto form, all attempting to change aspects of the United States that the respective groups thought to be unfair or unjust. Some groups, such as lower and middle class women and immigrants, sought to improve rights within the county, while other reformers aspired to change the American education system into a more efficient way of teaching the county’s youth. Still other reform groups, particularly involved in the church and the second great awakening, wanted to change society as a whole. This was

Sugar and Slave free essay sample

Sierra Sobbed Sugar and slave trade Sugar is filled with sweetness, but the sweetness of sugar was covered up by the saltiness of sweat. Sugar has been started all over the world, from the labor from Africa, markets from Europe and its origins in Asia. The sugar and slavery trade included Africa, Asia and Europe. This was called the triangular trade. Demands, land, capitol and labor were things that drove the sugar and slave trade. One thing that drove the sugar trade was the demand for sugar.Demand is the key point to any business because without the consumers want for the product there would be no business. In 1800, Benjamin Mosey writer of A Treatise on Sugar With Miscellaneous Medical Observations (doc) explains that the increased consumption Of the demand for sugar and the reason for the increase of consumption for sugar was because of taste. Which makes sense because the more people consume the sugar the demand will increase and if people consumed less sugar the demand would decrease. The chart thats adapted from Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Mitt, from Private Decay as Public Economic Virtue Tooth (doc 2) shows the growth of British sugar consumption like in 1700 the sugar import was 280. 7 and in 1 770 it increased to 1,379. 2. Also in the chart it shows that the population number has increased and a bigger population meant that the consumption and import number to grow. The analysis of document 2 is: a chart adapted from Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Smith, from the Private Decay as Public Economic Virtue Tooth that was published by the Duke University press in 1990 and is a secondary source. Ralph A. Austin and Woodruff D. Smith are relatable because they are both professors and they both have to be tolerant to be good professors. Also since this is a chart, there really cant be an opinion. It would be helpful to have a business book from a merchant that imported sugar because it would be useful to know to know how much a merchant would import and sell because it would show the demand of the sugar and the consumption and it would also be helpful if it was a different European country that wasnt England.The demand for sugar helped drive the sugar and slave trade but it also helped capital too. Land and capitol also helped drive the slave and sugar trade. Land provides raw materials for every product mankind has ever created or consumed and the capitol refers to sums of money or assets put to productive use. Document A shows a colonial map of the Caribbean. In this map it shows which country ruled what colony. This shows which country owned what land mass. And since Cuba, Dominique Republic and Puerco Rice were great to grow sugar and it was important to know who ruled over them. Sydney W.Mint, writer Of Sweetness and Power: the place of Sugar in modern history says that sugar became the sweetener to tea, coffee and chocolate and with tobacco and rum it brought competitors for British preference. Since capital refers to SUms of money or assets put to productive use the capital would make sure people would buy sugar. 1985, Sydney W. Mint point of view is not bias but is straight forward and shows facts. It would be useful to have a map of a sugar industry because it would help to know who a sugar industry would like since its using the land for the sugar industry. To make the sugar there is a need for labor.Without labor there is no one to make the sugar and without workers to make the sugar there is no business. 1763, John Campbell (doc 4) states that the inhabitants of the sugar colonies were made up of whites and African slaves. And since there was a demand for sugar there was a need for more workers. Since Europeans wanted cheap labor it equaled into slaves because you din t need to pay slaves. At first the Europeans tried to make Native Americans work but the Native Americans couldnt handle it because they werent immune to the diseases from the Old World so it caused Africans to be slaves.Samuel Dickers wrote a letter to a member of Parliament (doc 3) that says that there were a hundred thousand slaves in just the island of Jamaica. The African slaves were brought to what Was called the middle passage. First a slave would be separated from their family and friends then they were forced to march to costal pens, which 30% of them died then into the middle passage which had poor hygiene, yester, diseases and bad treatment. The responds were suicide or mutiny on ships. The mortality percent was up to 20% in the middle passage.Over 20 million were in the middle passage but only 12-13 million slaves made it. As a resident of many years in the island of Jamaica, Samuel Dickers (doc 3) seems trustworthy because he has lived in Jamaica for awhile and he would know how it looks and also its from that time period. It would be useful to have an autobiography or a diary from a slave that survived the middle passage or from Aloud Equation because it would show how the slaves were treated. It loud make sense as a young African slave to write about their experiences because it would show how bad the were being treated.Demand, land, capital and labor were things that drove the Sugar and slave trade. Demand: the want for the sugar, land and capital: raw materials and sums of money or assets put to productive use, labor: slavery. The sugar and slave trade changed the world for many years. Without the sugar trade there wouldnt be a slave trade.

Platos Cave and Pleasantville a Comparison free essay sample

The walls of Pleasantville are represented as the strict and â€Å"pure† lifestyle that citizens of Pleasantville are forced to accept as reality. Pleasantville’s lifestyle consists of predestined roles within its society, as well as restricted personal expression of emotional feelings and artistic views, and the repression of free thought by collective ignorance. These â€Å"walls† of Pleasantville directly correlate with the walls in Plato’s allegory of the cave by identifying with the lack of personal thought and opinions that make up an individual.Just as the prisoners of Plato’s Cave are subjected to a false reality of shadow puppetry so are the citizens of Pleasantville subject to conformity. However, once personal choice is explored citizens of Pleasantville cannot go back to living as they once did, just as the enlightened prisoner of Plato’s cave cannot return to past beliefs with his newly found ideas. The initial observation of a different point of view causes citizens of Pleasantville to question and defy their upbringing. We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Cave and Pleasantville: a Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These new points of view are rejected by those unfamiliar with individuality just as in Plato’s Cave where the newly enlightened prisoner and his views are rejected by the unenlightened prisoners. To fully escape the confines of the walls of Pleasantville one must challenge former authority and reject the emotionless and stale world they have been brought up in. It is through this split belief of former and future knowledge that Plato says divides the enlightened from the ignorant.Both sides have reject each other’s idea of reality, the ignorant being blind to what they cannot see and the enlightened having their eyes open to what they did not see originally. Pleasantville utilizes this comparison by distinguishing two sides of people, those who are composed of color and have began their search for individuality, and those in black and white who cling to their ignorance. Eventually every citizen of Pleasantville becomes colored, either through some form of expression or discovery of emotion or an idea, ultimately leaving the walls of Pleasantville. It is this individual belief that separates one person from another, and that Plato says should be equally considered to become enlightened.

Factors that Affect Selection of Manufacturing Process Design at Apple Inc. The WritePass Journal

Factors that Affect Selection of Manufacturing Process Design at Apple Inc. Introduction Factors that Affect Selection of Manufacturing Process Design at Apple Inc. ). In addition to the fact that outsourcing helps in reducing manufacturing costs, outsourcing of activities that are non-core also enables companies to focus more on their core activities like designing of new products (Polychronakis Syntetos, 2007). It also helps companies to share their risks. Components used to build Apple products are obtained from over 150 companies that are spread all over the world. With reference to an estimate made by Milian (2012), the costs that were incurred in the production of the iPhone 4s were at $196. Given that a unit of the iPhone 4s at the time of its production was at $649, the cost reduction strategy meant that the gross profit that was obtained from a single unit was $453 (Milian, 2012). This explains why amidst the stiff competition in the electronics and computer industry, Apple Inc has managed to maintain high profit levels. It had an annual profit of $41.7 billion in 2012, making it the second most profitable company after Exxon Mobil (The Huffing Post, 2013). Apple also further reduces the costs it incurs in manufacture of its products by ensuring that they create partnerships with many companies to encourage competition and as a result, it gets favourable deals (Milian, 2012). Even with the high success that has been achieved by the cost reduction strategy at Apple, the company has faced several criticisms. For instance, one of the companies in China that takes part in the assembly of the company’s products, Foxconn, has a bad reputation for mistreatment of its employees (Chamberlain, 2011). Quality Operation managers have the role of ensuring that the goods or services that are offered to clients are of optimum quality (Mukherjee, 2006). Apart from reducing costs to maximize profits, companies also select their manufacturing process designs based on the quality of their outcome. Manufacturing processes that do not produce products in the state that was intended by designers or fail to cater for the need of customers in the market ought to be avoided, regardless of how cost-effective they may be (David Bamford, 2010). At apple, the high levels of quality have enabled it perform well in the industry with a large number of customers often ready to purchase new products that they manufacture (West Mace, 2010).   Even though it can be argued that quality control processes ensure that any quality issues can be solved before products are delivered to clients, it is more productive if the original manufacturing process is flawless (Creese, 2013). To ensure that quality is maintained or improved, the staff members at Apple are often encouraged to be creative and innovative so as to come up with ideas of improving quality. Another approach that ensures quality of processes at apple is through carrying out constant reviews of products. According to Lashinsky (2011), Apple has a program that involves carrying out a review of products every Monday. This enables the company to make the necessary improvements or corrections in case an issue is identified. The issue of quality at Apple has been deeply embedded in the company’s organizational culture, and employees are aware of the need to pay attention to details (West Mace, 2010). The keen attention that is paid to product and process details at Apple has been among the key factors that have led to the consistency in the company’s market performance. By incurring an extra cost to ensure the manufacturing process is of the required quality, companies are able to satisf y their customers and build string brands in their respective industries of operation (Talib et al., 2011). Flexibility The dynamism that characterized the present-day business environment also means that organizational operations should be as flexible as possible so as to maintain their relevance (Merschmann Thonemann, 2011). Flexibility is the ease at which manufacturing processes can change certain aspects or qualities of products. These range from the shape, materials used to manufacture the product or the finish (Creese, 2013). Lack of flexibility in manufacturing processes may make it difficult for companies to satisfy the ever-changing needs in the market. It may also make quite expensive to replace the existent processes with newer ones (Chou et al., 2010). The need for flexibility is more intense in the computer industry because is one of the most flexible industries. With reference to Moore’s law, capabilities of many electronic devices in the market often change at least once in two years. As technological advancements increase, this pace is bound to increase (Mollick, 2006). Apple is also well known for manufacturing upgraded versions of previous products approximately on a yearly basis. For instance, between 2007 June and 2013 September, a total of eight versions of the iPhone have been manufactured by Apple (Bergmann, 2013). The improvements that are made in the Apple’s products incorporate the innovative ideas of designers as well as the feedback the company obtains from clients. The need for flexibility in the manufacturing designs also helps companies to stay ahead of the competition on their industries of operation. Apple faces competition from many companies that also frequently upgrade their product to match the market needs (Carbaugh, 2013). Other Factors Environmental Sustainability Apart from the three aforementioned factors affecting selection of the manufacturing process design, there are numerous other factors that operations managers put into consideration. One of these is the potential impact that the process may have on the environment (Vezzoli Manzini, 2008). With the current focus that the international business community on environmental sustainability, companies ought to ensure that they select processes that have the least adverse impact on the environment (Geels, 2011). In an effort to lessen its carbon footprint, one of the strategies that Apple has used is utilization of renewable energy in the company’s operations. These include solar, geothermal, hydro and wind energy (Apple Inc., 2014). However, the company has been under criticism for ignoring the adverse environmental impacts that the company’s operations in China are causing. Quantity of products The quantity of products that the company produces for customers also determines the choice of the appropriate manufacturing process. In a situation where companies manufacture single products to fit the specifications of clients, a one-off approach may be appropriate (Jones Robinson, 2012). On the other hand, if the company deals in the manufacture of products in large quantities, the mass production approach is preferable (Jones Robinson, 2012). Since Apple manufactures products to satisfy millions of customers worldwide, the manufacturing approach that it utilizes is mass production. By September 2013 alone, Apple sold approximately 33.8 million iPhones, 4.6 million Macs and 14.1 million iPads (Apple Inc, 2013). External Regulations Standards and regulations, usually set by different governing bodies also affect the selection of the manufacturing approach. Some of the aspects that that are focused include environmental impacts and specific quality standards that ought to be delivered to customers (Jones Robinson, 2012). For instance, electronics manufacturing companies are supposed to adhere to the set standards in terms of the air emissions, solid and hazardous wastes and effluents (Multilateral Investment Guarantees Agency, 2010). These regulations are also applicable to Apple. Regardless of how cost effective and flexible a manufacturing process can be, companies have the obligation of adhering to the set standards to avoid getting into legal issues (Bamford Forrester, 2010). The factors that have been highlighted above are relevant to all companies that deal in the manufacture of products for their customers. Whereas it is impossible to optimize all the mentioned aspects of manufacturing processes, companies ought to make a comprehensive evaluation of their manufacturing processes to ensure that they deliver quality to their clients and also meet their goals and objectives. Even though Apple has had a few challenges and controversies in its product manufacturing processes, it has managed to maintain its strong position in the electronics industry. This is partly attributed to the effective selection of manufacturing process designs. B. How the main principles of project management help operation managers to introduce change Principles of Project Management Change is an inevitable issue in organizational operations, systems and processes. Therefore, effective project management always puts this into consideration to ensure a smooth transformation from one state of the organization to the other (Boje et al., 2012). Some of the principles of project management include understanding the stages that projects go through from the beginning to the end, possessing good management (controlling), leadership and communication skills and working in the interest of all company stakeholders (David Bamford, 2010). These principles play a very vital role in situations where changes are to be implemented in certain processes or systems within the organization. Possessing management skills makes project managers capable at effectively implementing the change process (Berkun, 2008). It is important to understand that implementation of change can be more successful if the employees and other organizational stakeholders are involved throughout the process. Failure to effectively communicate to them about the changes to be made may bring about resistance to the process (Vida, 2012). In addition to this, employees may also find it difficult to adjust to the implemented changes. There are several models of change management that have been previously suggested by researchers. These include the eight-step model of change suggested by Kotter (2007). Henry (2012) also points out several principles of project management, which can also help operations managers in introducing change in systems or processes in the organization. One of these is commitment. For projects involving change to be effectively implemented, managers are supposed to lead by example in showing their unlimited commitment and employees will follow. The other is referred to as the tetrad trade off principle, which is based on the principle that for a project to be implemented successfully, the scope, cost, time and quality have to be in equilibrium and attainable (Sarah Dixon, 2013). There is also the strategy principle, which defines the planning and implementation procedure. This principle is based on the fact that for a project to begin and end successfully, there are certain procedural activities that ought to be undertaken. Effective incorporation of these principles by operations managers can help in ensuring that changing processes or systems in the organ ization is undertaken smoothly (Hongjun Yajia, 2012). Introducing Change in Processes/Systems To effectively introduce change in company systems or processes, it is necessary to have a comprehensive plan (Kotter, 2007). This typically involves determining the type of change that will be effective for the company and notifying employees and stakeholders on the imminent change process. Another measure involves building awareness among employees and other stakeholders and building the capacity that will be needed in the process (Jones Robinson, 2012). Some of the measures that can be undertaken in this stage of preparation include making an announcement of the intended change and when it is expected to take place. It also involves recruitment of some employees that will take up some of the tasks that are involved in the change process (Kotter, 2007). In cases where training is required before the change process is implemented, the recruited employees should be provided with the adequate training. According to Vida (2012), communication skills are quite instrumental in the chang e process. Project managers need to create an avenue through which employees can give feedback, and eliminate the bureaucratic barriers that may exist to hamper the ease flow of communication within the organization (Henry, 2012). Conclusion As companies compete to strengthen their brand positions and increase their market shares, there are several underlying strategies that they use. One of these is the selection of the most ideal manufacturing or service process design that will ensure customer satisfaction is achieved while at the same time contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. This paper has provided an in-depth and critical discussion of some of the factors that affect selection of the manufacturing processes, with a reference to Apple Inc, one of the leading companies in the electronics industry. Some of the key factors that have been discussed include costs, quality and flexibility of the process. As presented in the paper, Apple Inc has managed to maintain a strong brand position partly because of the effective selection of manufacturing processes. The paper has also highlighted the ways in which the principles of project management can help operations managers to introduce change in organizations. Future research on this subject could address the challenges that project mangers undergo in selecting the ideal manufacturing or service process design. References Apple Inc, 2013. Apple Reports Fourth Quarter Results. [Online] Available at: apple.com/pr/library/2013/10/28Apple-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-Results.html?sr=hotnews.rss [Accessed 8 January 2014]. Apple Inc., 2014. Apple and the Environment. [Online] Available at: apple.com/environment/renewable-energy/ [Accessed 8 January 2014]. Becker, J., Kugeler, M. Rosemann, M., 2003. Process management: a guide for the design of business processes: with 83 figures and 34 tables. Munich: Springer Verlag. Bergmann, A., 2013. iPhone Evolution. CNN Money, 12 Novemner. Berkun, S., 2008. Making Things Happen: Mastering Project Management. California: OReilly. Boje, D., Burnes, B‎. Hassard, J‎., 2012. The Routledge Companion to Organizational Change. New York: Routledge. Carbaugh, R.J., 2013. Contemporary Economics: An Applications Approach. Edmonds: M.E. Sharpe. Chamberlain, G., 2011. Apples Chinese workers treated inhumanely, like machines. The Guardian, 30 April. Chou, M.C., Chua, G.A., Teo, C.-P. Zheng, H., 2010. Design for Process Flexibility: Efï ¬ ciency of the Long Chain and Sparse Structure. Operations Research, 58(1), pp.43-58. Creese, R., 2013. Introduction to Manufacturing Processes and Materials. New Jersey: CRC Press. Bamford, ‎D. Forrester, P., 2010. Essential Guide to Operations Management: Concepts and Case Notes. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Geels, F.W., 2011. The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1, pp.24-40. Henry, A., 2012. Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hongjun, L. Yajia, G., 2012. Study on Chain Companies Human Resources Management. Information and Business Intelligence, 267, pp.227-32. Huang, G.Q., Zhang, X.Y. Liang, L., 2005. Towards integrated optimal configuration of platform products, manufacturing processes, and supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 23(3), pp.267-90. Iravani, S.M., Van Oyen, M.P. Sims, K.T., 2005. Structural flexibility: A new perspective on the design of manufacturing and service operations. Management Science, 51(2), pp.151-66. Jones, P. Robinson, ‎P., 2012. Operations Management. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Kotter, J.P., 2007. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review, pp.1-10. Lashinsky, A., 2011. How Apple works: Inside the worlds biggest startup. [Online] Available at: http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup/ [Accessed 9 January 2014]. Mascitelli, R., 2004. The Lean Design Guidebook. Northridge: Technology Perspectives. Matsa, A., 2011. Competition and Product Quality in the Supermarket Industry. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(3), pp.1539-91. Merschmann, U. Thonemann, U.W., 2011. Supply chain flexibility, uncertainty and firm performance: an empirical analysis of German manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 130(1), pp.43-53. Milian, M., 2012. How Apple cuts costs in building its gadgets. CNN, 7 February. Mollick, E., 2006. Establishing Moores law. Annals of the History of Computing. 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La licencia de manejar para indocumentados en Illinois

La licencia de manejar para indocumentados en Illinois    Illinois es uno de los estados que permiten a los  los indocumentados  sacar la licencia de manejar. Estos son los requisitos y los pasos que debes seguir.   Esta licencia de manejar recibe el nombre de Licencia Temporal para Visitantes y se le conoce como TVDL, sus siglas en inglà ©s. Paso 1:  Reunir la documentacià ³n necesaria Se necesita probar: Nombre y fecha de nacimientoVeracidad de tu firmaDomicilio actualResidencia en el estado de Illinois por al menos doce mesesCambio de nombre, si lo hubo, como por ejemplo en casos de matrimonio Nombre y fecha de nacimiento Es obligatorio tener UNO de los siguientes documentos: Pasaporte del paà ­s de uno que no puede estar expiradoTarjeta consular de Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala o Mà ©xico. Si eres de otro paà ­s y tu consulado tambià ©n emite una tarjeta consular, verificar con la Policà ­a del Estado de Illinois si la acepta como prueba de identidad. Firma UNO de los siguientes documentos sirve para probar la veracidad de tu firma: Certificado de chà ³fer cooperativo (Cooperative Driver Certificate)Contrato de hipotecaContrato de prà ©stamo a plazosI.D. emitido por el gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos o por un estado o una entidad local oficial.Licencia de manejar de otro estado que no està © expiradaOrden de una corte en la que conste tu firmaPasaporte de tu paà ­s sin expirarTarjeta consularTarjeta de crà ©dito tipo Amex, Visa o Master CardTarjeta electoral mexicana Domicilio actual Debes probar que has vivido en tu vivienda actual por al menos 90 dà ­as (tres meses) con anterioridad al dà ­a en que haces la aplicacià ³n para la cita para la licencia de manejar. Por ejemplo, si te has mudado a tu domicilio actual el 24 de septiembre de este aà ±o, debes esperar hasta el 23 de diciembre para poder aplicar.   Es obligatorio que tengas DOS  de los siguientes documentos en el que de algà ºn modo conste tu direccià ³n actual: Calificaciones escolares o de la universidad (report card)Carta que te ha enviado una universidad o collegeCarta que te ha enviado una institucià ³n oficial del gobierno federal, estatal, del condado o localContrato de alquiler (rentar) de la vivienda (lease)Contrato de hipoteca o de compra de la viviendaDeclaracià ³n sobre pensiones o jubilacionesExtracto bancario (bank statement)Facturas mà ©dicas o declaracià ³n de beneficios sanitarios.  Factura del servicio de agua, basura, gas, electricidad, telà ©fono o cable (utility bills)Factura de haber pagado la cuota de la universidad o collegePà ³liza de seguro como propietario de la vivienda o como inquilino de la misma (tenant)Recibo de exencià ³n tributaria sobre la vivienda principal (homestead exemption receipt)Reporte sobre tu historial de crà ©dito emitido por Equifax, Experia o TransunionTarjeta consularTarjeta del servicio selectivoTranscripciones escolares, que tienen que estar certificadas Si ahora no tienes dos de esos documentos, examina cules puedes conseguir y solicà ­talos. Recuerda que hasta que transcurran 90 dà ­as desde la fecha que va a figurar en los mismos no puedes utilizarlos para probar que efectivamente vives en la vivienda que dices que es  tu domicilio actual. Probar residencia en el estado de Illinois Tienes que demostrar que has vivido en Illinois por al menos doce meses (un aà ±o) antes de aplicar para la licencia. Para ello tienes que tener UNO de los siguientes documentos: Calificaciones escolares o transcripciones, en este caso certificadasCorreo oficialEscritura de compra de la vivienda, alquiler o hipotecaFacturas mà ©dicas o de declaracià ³n de beneficiosFacturas de pago de cuotas universitariasPensià ³n o jubilacià ³nPà ³liza de seguro como inquilino de una vivienda o como propietarioRecibo de exencià ³n tributaria para vivienda (homestead exemption receipt)Utility bill de la electricidad, basura, gas, telà ©fono, cable, etc.    Si llevas ms de un aà ±o viviendo en la misma casa, la misma factura de la luz, por ejemplo, sirve para probar residencia en el estado por ms de 365 dà ­as y tambià ©n residencia actual. Para asegurarte lleva contigo a la cita una factura antigua y otra reciente. Cambio de nombre Si por cualquier razà ³n como por ejemplo, por matrimonio, el nombre actual y el que figura en tu pasaporte o en tu tarjeta consular no coinciden debers probar el cambio de nombre o apellido mediante UNO de los siguientes documentos: una orden judicialcertificado de matrimonio Segundo paso: concertar una cita Una vez que te has asegurado que tienes todos los documentos y que cumples los plazos (particularmente el de haber vivido en Illinois por los à ºltimos doce meses), entonces debes hacer dos trmites: En la actualidad en todas las oficinas excepto Chicago North y Chicago West se puede ir sin concertar una cita previa. Sin embargo para Chicago North y Chicago West sà ­ es necesario y se hace: Marcando al telà ©fono gratuito 855-236-1155 o por internet. Sà ³lo se puede hacer para uno de las  oficinas del Departamento de Vehà ­culos de Motor especialmente designadas para manejar las peticiones de licencias TVDL.Rellenar la  planilla de verificacià ³n de residencia. Se trata de hacer constar el historial de dà ³nde has vivido en los à ºltimos doce meses. (Cuando se renueve la licencia, dentro de tres aà ±os, ya no ser necesario hacerlo, ya que sà ³lo es un requisito para cuando se solicita por primera vez). Tener en cuenta que en la actualidad no puede acudir a las oficinas para este trmite ni en los dà ­as sbado ni en los dà ­as domingo. Tercer  paso: preparar la cita Antes de acudir a la oficina debes asegurarte: de que tu vista est bien o que tienes los lentes correctosde que te has estudiado para el examen teà ³rico de la licencia de manejar. En la pgina oficial del Departamento de Vehà ­culos a motor puedes descargar gratis el libro para estudiarlo.de que si no sabes conducir, has tomado las clases suficientes para poder pasar el examen prctico. Los menores de 20 aà ±os necesariamente tienen que haber ido a una  autoescuela. Cuatro paso: en la oficina del Departamento de Vehà ­culos de Motor Esto es lo que va a pasar: Un empleado examinar que llevas toda la documentacià ³n necesaria. Si es asà ­, te dar un nà ºmero y esperars por tu turnoCuando te llamen un empleado examinar de nuevo los documentos e introducir los datos en la computadoraFirmars la aplicacià ³n y, junto con los documentos presentados, ser todo escaneadoPagars $30 por la tramitacià ³n de la licencia de manejar y $5 si deseas que tambià ©n sea vlida para manejar motosSe te tomar una foto y firmars en un aparato para que quede constancia digital de tu firmaTe harn un examen de visià ³nTomars el examen escrito. Puede ser en inglà ©s, espaà ±ol o incluso en otros idiomasTomars el examen prctico de manejar en carreteraSi has aprobado se te dar un recibo que sirve como constancia de haber hecho todo el proceso pero que no sirve para manejar.   Como puedes imaginar, todo eso va a llevar su tiempo, por lo que es mejor que ese dà ­a no tengas prisa. Quinto paso: la licencia Empleados del estado verificarn que toda la informacià ³n y documentacià ³n que les has dado es la correcta. Sà ³lo en ese caso se proceder a imprimir tu licencia de manejar que te llegar por correo en el plazo de entre quince y veinte dà ­as laborales. Si la licencia no es aprobada recibirs una carta explicando el motivo, quà © debes hacer, si es que puedes hacer algo y un nà ºmero de telà ©fono para solicitar ms informacià ³n. Con la licencia en mano tienes que saber que: Es un permiso para manejar que es de carcter temporal, igual al que el estado emite desde el aà ±o 2005 a los inmigrantes o visitantes legales que no tienen un nà ºmero de seguro  social. Por ejemplo, familiares de titulares de ciertas visas de trabajo temporal. La TVDL sà ³lo es vlida si tienes tambià ©n un seguro de auto. Es un requisito indispensable. Estas licencias son de un color distinto a las que se emiten, por ejemplo, para ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales. Sern vlidas por un periodo de tres aà ±os. 90 dà ­as antes de su fecha de expiracià ³n debers renovarla.   La TVDL  no est diseà ±ada para ser utilizada como identificacià ³n. Por lo tanto no se podr utilizar para abrir una cuenta de banco o para volar, ya que no se admitir en el aeropuerto como un I.D. Tampoco se podrn usar para comprar un arma ni, por supuesto, para votar. Incluso antes de manejar en otro estado habr que verificar si es posible, ya que depender del lugar. A tener en cuenta Si tienes una licencia de manejar que conseguiste con un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social falso el procedimiento a seguir es llamar a la oficina del fraude al 217-782-7604. Se har una investigacià ³n y no podrs manejar por doce meses. Despuà ©s de esa suspensià ³n podrs aplicar por una licencia temporal para indocumentados. En un principio, las autoridades del Departamento de Vehà ­culos a Motor no comparten la informacià ³n con ninguna otra agencia del gobierno, y en eso se incluye inmigracià ³n. Pero si reciben una peticià ³n legà ­tima para que compartan informacià ³n, la darn. Si tienes una licencia internacional de manejar, ten cuidado porque puede que sea un fraude y no sirva para manejar. Si se tiene una licencia del paà ­s de uno, à ©sta sà ³lo se puede utilizar legalmente por 90 dà ­as a contar desde el dà ­a que se comenzà ³ a residir en Illinois. Finalmente, en el primer aà ±o en el que se autorizà ³ a los indocumentados en Illinois sacar la licencia de manejar, se aprobaron aproximadamente unas 85 mil. Sin embargo, se hicieron 190 mil solicitudes. Esto quiere decir que hubo muchos casos en los que no se aprobaron.   Para evitar estos problemas asegurarse de que realmente se cumplen los requisitos. Si no, ser negada. Derechos de los trabajadores indocumentados Las leyes del salario mà ­nimo tambià ©n aplica a los indocumentados. Entà ©rate de cul es el pago por hora en tu estado, cules son las excepciones y quà © se puede hacer si no te pagan lo que te corresponde de acuerdo a la ley. Finalmente, es muy conveniente informarse sobre aspectos que afectan muy directamente a la comunidad de migrantes indocumentados, como por ejemplo, las posibilidades reales de regularizacià ³n de la situacià ³n y otros temas que afectan a los inmigrantes sin papeles como las nuevas prioridades de deportacià ³n por orden ejecutiva de Trump. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

World Rankings Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Rankings - Research Paper Example A Superpower can also be described as a country that has the capacity to project the dominating power and the influence to other countries. This may lead the world to attain the status of the global hegemony. This term came first into effect in the year 1944 to the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and the United States of America. This was due to the World War 2 from the year 1939 to the year 1945. What followed in the British Empire are the change of its colonies to attain independence and a consequent change to common wealth countries from colonies. The United States and the Soviet Union remained as the only superpowers in existence. However, there developed a period commonly known as the cold war era where by the United States and the Soviet Union differed in terms of policies. The United States supported the capitalist economies whereas the Soviet Union supported the communist economies (Socijalisticki & Jugoslavije, 2011.) In order to be considered a superpower nation, several aspects have to be taken into consideration. However, there are no distinctive aspects but mostly what is considered as a superpower is the countries dominance in military, economic, political, and cultural aspects.

Training and Development Task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Training and Development Task 2 - Essay Example The manager gives feedback at every stage of the performance management process. The report focuses on developing an improved performance management process for construction supervisors and laborers of a mid-sized construction company operating in five states in the northeastern United States. This is the planning stage in the performance management process which set the performance standards or expectations for the laborers or supervisors in the construction company in the USA (Rolstadas, 2012). Utilization of resources by the construction supervisors like explaining the project requirements to the workers, locate the work zone, delegate work, plan the workers task and efficiently allocate the resources available. The performance must be measurable and adequate information should be gathered on the output of performance which should be assessed on the basis of cost, time, quality, quantity, nature of performance and the methods used in productivity (De Waal, 2013). Observation should be practiced in the performance evaluation process in a routine manner. It deals with evaluation of employee performance and providing instant behavioral feedbacks to the workers. The supervisors can obtain additional information about the performance of the workers which would be beneficial for performance appraisal. Coaching enable workers to gain important skill based knowledge from their mentors which increases the productivity of the organization. By following the coaches’ guidance, workers can discover skills that they were never aware of. Feedback helps in two way communication between the employee and the supervisor evaluating their performance. It helps in providing guidance which results in increased retention as workers feel motivated and encouraged by the continuous assessment given to them for improvement (Hatry, 2013). Observation

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free

Abraham Lincoln Essay According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Works Cited Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

Free College Essays - The Human Psyche in Hawthornes Young Goodman Bro

Young Goodman Brown Essay: The Human Psyche Young Goodman Brown offers unique insight regarding the human psyche. Through psychoanalysis, the text shows how humans are easily manipulated when shown a temptation to succumb to a primitive desire. The text shows Goodman Brown, a puritan traveling to a religious gathering, is greeted by a strange man who serves as the device of revelation regarding the human mind. The pure mind of Goodman Brown ultimately gives-in to temptation because of the weak human will through the use of a simple device: the strange man's staff. Before the story can enter into the main plot, the text must overcome a problem. This comes when trying to show Goodman Brown's tempter. Though the reader is offered a "strange man", this creature alone cannot suffice as the cause of the puritan's downfall. If this were the case, the text would imply a belief that man is powerful enough to cause its own downfall, and the ego of one individual could triumph over another. This is not the case. The text must use a method using an outside force to instigate man's down...

Lessee Ltd.- Lease Case

| Lessee Ltd. – Lease Case| | | | | | 1. Was the junior accountant’s analysis correct? Why or why not? No, the junior accountant’s analysis is not correct in classifying the lease as an operating lease in accordance with IFRS. Whether or not a lease is classified as a finance or an operating lease depends on if all of the benefits as well as risks of ownership have been shifted from the lessor to the lessee.According to IAS 17-10(d), a lease must be classified as a finance if either â€Å"the lease term is for the major portion of the asset’s economic life† or â€Å"at the inception of the lease the present value of the minimum payment amounts to at least substantially all of the fair value of the lease asset. † With regards to this case, the term of the lease is equal to 75% of the equipment’s useful life. Also, the present value of the annual payments would equal $263,716 with the fair value of asset only being $265,000, which makes the present value of the minimum lease payment 99. % of the fair value of the leased asset. With these criteria being met it satisfies the requirements of IAS 17 and would therefore be classified as a finance lease 2. Was the senior accountant’s analysis correct? Why or why not? The senior accountant’s analysis is correct according to IAS 17. The way the senior accountant lays out his thought process in a step-by-step process creates a nice â€Å"checklist† to compare to the IAS.Beginning with step one, the senior accountant classifies the lease as a finance lease on the terms that the life of the contract encompasses the majority of the equipment’s useful life. According to IAS 17. 10, the senior accountant is correct. Whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease depends on the substance of the transaction rather than the form. Situations that would normally lead to a lease being classified as a finance lease include the following: [IAS 17. 0 ] * the lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term * the lessee has the option to purchase the asset at a price which is expected to be sufficiently lower than fair value at the date the option becomes exercisable that, at the inception of the lease, it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised * the lease term is for the major part of the economic life of the asset, even if title is not transferred * at the inception of the lease, the present value of the minimum lease payments amounts to at least substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset * the lease assets are of a specialized nature such that only the lessee can use them without major modifications being made In his second step, the senior accountant uses the wrong interest rate. He states, â€Å"Since the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is greater than the lessor’s implicit rate in the lease, compute the present value of the minimum lease payme nts using the 11 percent rate. † This is wrong because IFRS does not permit the lessee to use the incremental rate if the implicate rate known. He should have used %10 for his calculations. At commencement of the lease term, finance leases should be recorded as an asset and a liability at the lower of the fair value of the asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments (discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease, if practicable, or else at the entity's incremental borrowing rate) [IAS 17. 20] * PV of the minimum lease payments = $100,000Ãâ€"2. 4896 + $20,000 x 0. 7513 = $263,716 Lastly, the senior accountant uses the wrong number from step 2 and therefore is incorrect in determining the amortization tables. Table 1 below shows the corrected table. * Finance lease payments should be apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability (the finance charge to be allocated so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability) [IAS 17. 25] * The depreciation policy for assets held under finance leases should be consistent with that for owned assets.If there is no reasonable certainty that the lessee will obtain ownership at the end of the lease – the asset should be depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the life of the asset [IAS 17. 27] 3. How would the answer differ under U. S. GAPP? Under U. S. GAAP many things in the Senior Accountant’s computations would change. First you would allocate the payments based on the 10 percent implicit rate from the lessor not the 11 percent incremental borrowing rate from the lessee. This would change the total Lease Obligation to $263,716. Below is the new table allocating payments between interest and lease obligation. Table [ 1 ] Year| Cash pmt| Interest expense (10%)| Reduction in Lease Obligation| Balance of Lease Obligation| 0| | | | $263,716| | $100,000| $26,372| $75,131| $190,088| 2| $100,000| $19,009| $80,991| $109,097| 3| $100,000| $10,910| $89090| $20,007| The balance is the residual value at the end of the lease ($20,007? $20,000). The journal entry to record the lease obligation would have to change based on the correct percentage. Leased Equipment under Capital Lease $263,716 Lease payable$263,716 The correct journal entry to record Year 1 payment would be: Rent Expense $2,000 Interest Expense$26,372 Lease payable$73,628 Cash$102,000 There would not be any depreciation recorded on this leased equipment due to the title not transferring or a bargain purchase option.

Analysis Of A Christmas Carol Essay

Scrooge doesn’t realise but in being disrespectful to the gentlemen, he is disrespecting God. Because by refusing to share and not making good use of his wealth he is not following the 10 commandments. The third is rudeness. One of Scrooge’s traits is his rudeness towards others in society. One major example is when he is introduced to the carol singer. As he is a miserable person who, probably, detests having to move too fast normally, suddenly to do this obviously shows how much effort is involved to try and scare this young pauper. Plus, it can be said throughout the era of the Victorians, carol singing and other social things of a similar meaning could normally be linked to biblical stories. So in hindsight it could be blasphemy (yet not as a major incident). Plus, it’s just basic rudeness as it states with Scrooge’s manner†¦ â€Å"With an ill will Scrooge†¦ † It means that he is ill mannered and will show no mercy no matter the pain he has caused or the consequences. The final factor in the statement is greed. Scrooge portrays this throughout the story very clearly but there is a plain yet critical bit at the beginning where it involves Belle (his love not to be). â€Å"I believe that you would choose a dowerless girl†¦ I do; and I release you†¦ † Well this single quote portrays a vast amount of greed from Scrooge. For instance it mentions dowerless girl. Now dowerless means a sort of inheritance yet it would be given to Scrooge instead which would make him wealthy without having to actually work and still earn money. However, Belle is not rich nor wealthy (with money but with other factors of her personality) which Scrooge does not find ‘attractive’ as this basically entitles that he’s going to have to work and provide for his ‘family’. So with this incident that has compelled these two, Belle, obviously hurt and tearful, decides that it’s best to halt the relationship and walk away, no matter what the consequences. Scrooge remembers his sister with few, yet fond, memories. â€Å"Always a delicate creature, whom a breath might have withered†¦ but she had a large heart. † Although he didn’t spend much time with her (because his father sent him to boarding school) he loved his sister very much and had quite a close relationship with her. However this does not reflect in how he treats his nephew. ‘ â€Å"She died a woman,† said the ghost, â€Å"and had, as I think, children. † â€Å"One child,† Scrooge returned. â€Å"True,† said the ghost. â€Å"Your nephew! † Scrooge seemed uneasy in his mind, and answered briefly, â€Å"Yes. † After the visits of the three spirits, Scrooge starts to recognise the similarities between his late sister, Fan and her son Fred and therefore starts to treat him with respect. After all Fred is the only family Scrooge has. â€Å"They were not a handsome family; they were not well dressed; their shoes were far from being waterproof; their clothes were scanty†¦ But they were happy, grateful, pleased with one another, and contented with the time. † So, with this, it is apparent towards us, the readers, which even though he’s greeted with this repulsive family embedded with poverty, there is still a glimmer of hope for this enlightening time of season. Furthermore, it is becoming even more recognisable that the spirits have transported his beliefs about matters like these, as he states the obvious, but in a mild way he contradicts himself as he’s going back on his original morals and starts to show some affection and emotion towards these who are worse off than him. Where as in the past (technically all his life) he wouldn’t have fluttered an eyelid†¦ â€Å"If they would rather die†¦ they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. † At the end of the novel, Scrooge learns how to be polite to others around him. When he passes the two gentlemen, whom he’d been rude to the day before, he asks for forgiveness for his actions. â€Å"That is my name, and I fear it may not be pleasant to you. Allow me to ask your pardon. † Here Scrooge shows that he has changed and that he is proud of his name and the person attached to it. Here he also displays that he is ashamed of the way he acted towards them when they came to collect money for the poor. He also asks for forgiveness for possibly the first time in his life. Scrooge awakens, on Christmas morning, a much happier man. He is delighted to be alive and reminisces the night’s events, which have now compelled him to be a better, more improved, man. â€Å"I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a schoolboy, I am as giddy as a drunken man! A merry Christmas to everybody! † He leaps about rapturously not believing his fortune, and is extremely vivacious. Scrooge changed in many ways after the visits from the three spirits. He is now charitable without seeking credit for himself, which is a complete contrast to before when he refused to donate any money to charity and was very rude to the ‘collecting’ gentlemen. An example of this change of character is when Scrooge is buying the turkey for Bob Cratchitts family he says, â€Å"I’ll send it to Bob Cratchitts†¦ He shan’t know who sends it! â€Å"

Nan Goldin essays

Nan Goldin essays As a documentary photographer there is a certain knowledge that needs to be held of the subject matter. What makes Nan Goldin stand out is that all of her subjects are people who are closely involved in her life, and sometimes even herself, which gives her the ultimate knowledge. Her life is not mutually exclusive from theirs, and I think thats what gives her photographs a life of their own that is just as intimate as if we, the viewer, were actually there. The idea that many times she was photographing as a means of recording events of days and nights that she was unable to recall due to alcohol and drugs, makes her images have even more of an impact. Nan Goldin started photographing in Boston, taking pictures of herself and her friends in different costumes, and progressed on to photographing drag queens in their regalia. She continued with similar themes and grew to include the unavoidable aspects of her life, which were the affects, and occasional death, of those around her due to sexual and chemical addiction. These documentations evolved in to an intimate collection of sex, destruction, and self-reinvention. She gets right in to the personal space of her subjects, she is allowed this closeness because of the personal relationships with these people. There is a sense of trust between her and her subjects, the way they all have let down their guard and let her document them in compromising situations almost makes this a portrait of an entire lifestyle more than just the individuals. Of course it is her life, intertwined with the others, that eradicates the feeling of her imposing as a photographer, which is why h er images are so powerful. There isnt a feeling that anyone is putting on an act for her, which would diminish some of the documentary feel, everyone is comfortable in her presence which makes this a true document of the love and loss, and highs and lows of the dr ...

5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers

5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers 5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers 5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers By Mark Nichol Brainstorming is useful whether you have too few ideas, or too many. It can help you whether you don’t know how to organize your thoughts, or whether you don’t even have any thoughts. But before you start, remember the first rule of brainstorming: Enumerate, don’t evaluate. Just get the ideas down, and don’t judge them or organize them until the creative phase has wound down. 1. Cubing In this strategy, a topic or idea is examined from six distinct viewpoints hence the name. Describe the topic (what is it?), compare it (what is it like or unlike?), associate it (what does it make you think of?), analyze it (what constituent parts is it made of?), apply it (how can it be used?), and argue for and/or against it (how can you support or oppose it?). Cubing was developed as a critical-thinking exercise to help students express their thoughts in opinion essays, but it can be adapted for general nonfiction writing, though it is of limited value for fiction. A similar technique is to explore three perspectives: The first is to describe the topic and its features, its constituent parts, and its challenges, and to compare and contrast it with other topics. The second is to trace the history of the topic and the influences on it throughout that history, and the topic’s evolution. The third is to map the topic to similar contemporary topics as well as to its influences, and to topics that it influences. 2. Freewriting Write. You don’t know what to write? Then write that. Just write. Have a quantitative goal: 500 words, three pages, five minutes it doesn’t matter. Just write. Do not pause in order to spell correctly or write flawlessly, and don’t go back to rewrite. Turn off your inner editor. Do not strive for coherence. Just write. Consider closing your eyes while you’re writing or typing, or turn the computer monitor off. Just write. 3. Listing If your intent is to write an essay or a review or profile, what do you want to communicate? If you wish to craft a story, which ideas and elements do you wish to convey? Jot down a list of phrases or single words you will return to later. For nonfiction, the list can consist of opinions, arguments, facts, questions, or components, or any combination of the above. For fiction, list people, places, and things, values and qualities, goals and obstacles. Don’t outline at this point. Outlining stalls the creative act of brainstorming by requiring you to evaluate and organize your thoughts. Remember, brainstorming should be an uninhibited activity. 4. Mapping Mapping, also known as clustering and webbing, is a graphic form of listing that simply involves jotting down ideas on a large writing surface and then making connections by associating similarly themed ideas with color-coded circles or underlines of distinct patterns and then indicating other relationships by linking with lines. How you produce the map, exactly, is up to you, but as with any other brainstorming tool, wait until you’ve (temporarily) run out of ideas before you begin making connections but don’t hesitate to continue recording new ideas as you marshal others. The Creately blog has a great article with several other visual brainstorming strategies you can try. 5. Researching You know the topic you want to write about, or the outline of a novel’s plot, but you don’t know how to populate the piece with ideas? Go to the reference section of a library, or call up reference Web sites. As you read about a current or past event, or a contemporary or historical issue, record the ideas in list or map form. You might find the key point you’ve been looking for, or change the one you had in favor of this new detail. If you’re planning on writing a novel, learn more about the city or country in which it takes place (even if it’s the one you live in). If it’s a historical novel, read about the social structure and cultural atmosphere of the time and place, and take notes about how people dressed, talked, ate, worked, and engaged in other quotidian activities. The Next Step If one of these strategies doesn’t work for you, try another until something clicks. Even if one does work, try more than one. Then, whichever technique(s) you’ve employed, review your result. Don’t feel that you’ve failed if your work does not yield eloquence or epiphanies, but search for whatever may help you develop your writing assignment or project. If you feel that an outline is useful, make one after you complete the brainstorming activity. If you don’t, launch into whatever part of the topic attracts your attention based on your brainstorming output. You don’t have to start at the beginning, and you don’t have to complete one part of your assignment or project before you move on to another one. Just build on your background work one piece at a time as it develops. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English Alphabet15 English Words of Indian Origin

Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism Essay

Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism - Essay Example The resulting phenomenon is that the architectural features within the region are gaining new exploitations as tourist destinations and mediums of cultural preservation. For many cities in North America therefore, the culture of architecture is being exploited as a means of creating a brand synonymous with destination travel, themed cultural entertainment and tourism excursions. With more and more residents moving out of the cities and into the devolved suburban environments, the importance of landscape is becoming more glaring as it is essential in the creation of environments that the urban contemporary population deem preferable for habitation. The preferred surroundings of residence are a fusion of massive vegetation and built environments with minimal density and room for the utility of automobiles. As a result, landscape is a fundamental element in the development and maintenance of the multifaceted natural surroundings, the management of post-industrial locations and planning of communal infrastructure (Waldheim, 2002). Key Concepts in Environmental Planning and Landscape Urbanism In his article, ‘Terra Fluxus,’ James Corner metes out an in-depth analysis into some of the concepts of landscape urbanism. One of the concepts emphasized by Corner is that of the importance of processes compared to that of time in landscape urbanism. Corner states that â€Å"the processes of urbanization are more significant to the shaping of urban relationships than the spatial forms of urbanism† (Waldheim, 2002, n.p.). Such processes include the protection of the physical environment, deregulation, the process of globalization, and the accumulation of capital. This concept dispels the impression that the process of socialization can be redesigned by the construction of new physical structures. This is not to say that the spatial element does not contribute to changes in urbanism; but rather to imply that the relationship between the spatial frame and urb an processes is one that entails urban processes streaming through the spatial frame in order to manipulate and protract it. This shift emphasizes the systems that acclimatize the dispersion and density of urban structures, rather than the material properties of space. This poses the greatest challenge to designers and planners (Waldheim, 2002). The implication of this development on the spatial planning of cities and their regions is that their structuring has to borrow more from a comprehension of the processes that urbanism involves as opposed to an insight into the concept of form; that is, an understanding of â€Å"how things work in space and time† (Waldheim, 2002, n.p.). According to Corner, in this respect landscape may act as a propellant for the formation of cities. A case in point is the development of the Olmsted Central Park in Manhattan, which was initially envisioned as a space that could provide a respite to the city residents from the unremitting nature of li fe in the city. The effect of the construction of the park however turned out to be more than just that, as it acted as a catalyst for massive real estate development within the region (Waldheim, 2002).

Venezuela Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Venezuela - Term Paper Example The history of Venezuela can be traced back to the fifteenth century when Christopher Columbus discovered the land in 1498 during his journey to the New World. Before Columbus however, other people also lived on the soil of Venezuela who were mostly involved in farming and hunting. The name Venezuela is derived from the word ‘Little Venice’ which came into existence after the arrival of Columbus in the region. Alonso de Ojeda visited the soil and named the land as Venezuela. In the 16th century Spain provided a charter to the Germans so that they could open a banking firm over the land. The charter however was later revoked and the Spaniards took over the region. Venezuela was a part of New Granada until the nineteenth century when it finally took independence from Spain in 1821 under Simon Bolivar (Boehm 1987; Unesco 1999). The government run in the republic of Venezuela is a federal form of government. Its constitution was formed in December 1999. In 1830 Venezuela separated from Colombia, Panama and Ecuador to become a sovereign state. The political rule in Venezuela has been very unstable since its independence. Dictatorial rule and revolutions have been witnessed in Venezuela in the 20th century. From 1908 to 1935 and from 1950-1958 there have been rules of dictators. However after 1958 the politics of the state has been run by civilians as after 1958 the military backed off from interfering in national politics. It was after the World War One that the Venezuelan government has focused more on its petroleum based economy which has helped in stabilizing the country’s economy.... It was after the corruption charges on President Perez that the situation of Venezuela started to become better. In December 1998 Hugo Chavez won the votes in the assembly to become the president of Venezuela. The nation has since then developed into a powerful ally of many countries and the political turmoil has come to a standstill in the country (U.S Department of State 2011). Current Situation Hugo Chavez is the President of Venezuela these days after he won his elections in 2006 by defeating Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales. He has since then implemented new laws such as Socialism in Venezuela. He has passed other laws related to airports, industries and roads ever since. The government of Venezuela has to face several problems in the recent years under Chavez’s government. The problem of energy can be cited as one of the problems that Venezuela is facing. Energy blackouts are one of the problems that Venezuela has been facing in the recent years and this has dampened their hopes of expanding their economy. Energy shortages can lead to the increase in the economic problems that the country is currently facing. Chavez has also provided the state with a declaration about the energy crisis and has implemented laws to fight off the energy problems (Starboek News 2010; U.S Department of State 2011). The government type currently followed in Venezuela is a federal type of government. The states of Venezuela maintain some sort of power in their authority and the voters are given the democracy to vote for their governmental representatives. The economy of Venezuela is run through the businesses revolving around the petroleum products. The major industry of Venezuela is oil which is being exported

Was the Roman Imperial system,particularly its form of government, Research Paper - 1

Was the Roman Imperial system,particularly its form of government, more closely related to the Spartan or Athenian model - Research Paper Example erialism for instance, was often hegemonies rather than annexationists, and there were times when the roman militaries were inactive during the republic. This paper will therefore compare the roman imperial system to the Spartan governing. Ancient Greece for instance, it had four forms of governments namely: Aristocracy, Monarchy, Oligarchy and Direct Democracy. Direct democracy government was exercised in ancient Athens; here citizens of the state were allowed to participate in politically in making decision that seems to be standard to all citizens. While in Ancient Sparta they had an oligarchy form of government, here the state was ruled by citizens who were classified in small groups, the small groups were in charge of the military as well. Sparta had mixed government, as a result of the mixed government state, it had both Oligarchy and democracy; the state of Sparta was hereditary and it was ruled by two kings from the Eurypontid and Agiad families. They were both Heracles descendants and had same authority. This equal authority prevented them from acting against each other. This form of government acted as a model to other poleis, it had three ruling classes, the assembly, council of elders and the Ephorate. In spite of having the mixed government, Sparta was well organized in its rulings. On the other hand, kings were rulers of the Roman city state. The king acted as a supreme ruler and the power he had over his subjects was consolidated by his own negotiation with his gods. In addition as a King, he often ensured that he maintains both his title of supremacy in the military as well as religious authority. However, the ancient government was later broken by the Roman citizens after they expelled their last king; this led to the kingdom of Roman to become a republic, and later processed to be an empire. At this point, the government and religion became one; this came to pass because of Emperor Augustus as well as his successors. Moreover, kings

The Philosophy Of Utilitarianism Philosophy Essay

The Philosophy Of Utilitarianism Philosophy Essay This paper will critically analyze Utilitarianism. The philosophy of Utilitarianism focuses on the overall outcome or result of an action. It is believed that this will manifest a greater happiness and moral benefit for society. However, Utilitarianism denies credibility to the intent behind the action but rather the end result or overall outcome. This principle was argued by philosopher John Stuart Mill. In direct opposition to the principles of Utilitarianism, lies the philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant argues that there must be honorable intentions within an individual to manifest a greater outcome or action within society. I intend to argue that Utilitarianism is the most beneficial and influential of the two perspectives. To summarize Immanuel Kants perspective, he argues that the individual plays a highly important role in the overall happiness or virtue of society. Yet in order to reach the ultimate result or outcome, there are certain characteristics necessary to accomplish this task. In The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative, Kant refers to the materialistic pleasures of society as gifts of fortune. He stresses the importance of good will as a means to balance out our societal mistakes or immorality. Kant states that good will, corrects the influence of these on the mind and, in so doing, also corrects the whole principle of action and brings it into conformity with universal ends, (Kant, Immanuel. The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative. The Good Will. (1998). 591). He further stresses that duty plays a role in furthering the overall outcome of an action. However, the morality behind an action is the manifestation of the initial principle behind the action. He states, the moral worth o f an action does not lie in the effect expected from it and so too does not lie in any principle of action that needs to borrow its motive from the expected effect (Kant, Immanuel. The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative. The Good Will. (1998). 592). To summarize John Stuart Mills Utilitarian perspective, he argues that there is no validity or pertinence in the inclusion of intent. The most important component is the overall outcome. To obtain true happiness or virtue, there must exist a collective amount of virtuous acts. This would benefit society as a whole. In Utilitarianism, Mill argues that honorable or desirable intentions have little bearing or influence on the ultimate action. There are instances when an individual knows that the ultimate outcome will be significant and morally beneficial, but still choose the opposite path. Kant states that men, pursue sensual indulgences to the injury of health, though perfectly aware that health is the greater good (Mill, John S. Utilitarianism Chapter 2. What Utilitarianism Is. (1863). 602). He further stresses what society might experience if the Greatest happiness Principle was in effect. Mill exclaims that this is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and as rich as po ssible in enjoyments, both in point of quantity and quality, (Mill, John S. Utilitarianism Chapter 2. What Utilitarianism Is. (1863). 603). Mill went on to argue that in order to have a primary moral principle, there should also be an important set of principles to use it towards. Mill states, Whatever we adopt as the fundamental principle of morality, we require subordinate principles to apply it by, (Mill, John S. Utilitarianism Chapter 2. What Utilitarianism Is. (1863). 609). He concludes his argument by acknowledging that it is difficult to prove morality, and rejects Kants position that morality entirely rests with intention. Mill states, to consider the rules of morality as improvable is one thing; to pass over the intermediate generalizations entirely, and endeavor to test each individual action directly by the first principle is another, (Mill, John S. Utilitarianism Chapter 2. What Utilitarianism Is. (1863). 609). In the article called, The Ends of the Means? Kantian Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism, Erin Terrall summarizes both perspectives. Terrall makes a valuable point when stating, A Utilitarian aspect could be more appropriate for one situation; while a Kantian perspective might be better for another. If one keeps a working knowledge of both philosophies, one can look at life with a broader view, and not get too firmly entrenched in one set of beliefs, (Terrall, Erin. The Ends of the Means? Kantian Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism. (2007). It is evident that both perspectives are highly influential. There are those that spend their lives trying to improve their moral character, in order to insure a greater amount of happiness for themselves and others. Then there are those that ultimately focus on making the most profound impact possible, to pacify the need of a virtuous society. However, when both are in balance, the results can be profound for society as a whole. For example, despite the infestation of racism in the United States of America during the 1950s and 60s, Martin Luther King intended to change the tide of erroneous beliefs. He intended to and set out to educate all men on equality. Very few people could deny that he was a man driven by honorable characteristics and good will. He was compelled by his duty to mankind. His efforts to unite this nation ultimately served a greater purpose for all mankind. His outcome was irrefutably in harmony with his intent. It would be absurd to deny his influence on the virtue of society. His individual efforts made ripples in the pond of society and realigned the moral compass. So it is indeed possible that the two perspectives can be profound when they coincide. Although they are both pertinent to the overall virtue of society, I would have to give greater credibility to Utilitarianism. If Martin Luther King Jr. lacked the courage to take a stand for what was right, would African Americans have been given the right to vote in 1965? As painful as it is to say, I highly doubt it. If Martin Luther King Jr. was merely a man of many honorable intentions, would we give him a national holiday? More than likely, not. There were a multitude of people that had the most honorable of intentions, but none as great of an impact as he. This is not to discredit those who also fought for equal rights. However, no one can deny that Martin Luther King Jr. was in the forefront of this battle. The manifestation of this outcome evolved into a greater respect and understanding of all mankind, regardless of the color of their skin. This propelled and influenced even more significant outcomes of equality and civil rights in the United States. Our virtue is still a w ork in progress, but it is indeed progressing. The outcome will ultimately influence a greater degree of intent and actions. If John Stuart Mills Utilitarian perspective is as pertinent as I and he argues that it is, then idealistically, we are well on our way to living a life that is overflowing with virtue and widespread happiness. Bibliography Page Kant, Immanuel. . The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative. The Good Will. (1998). In Reason and Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy. Fourteenth Edition, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, 2011, pp. 591-592. Mill, John S. Utilitarianism Chapter 2. What Utilitarianism Is. (1863). In Reason and Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy. Fourteenth Edition, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Boston, MA, 2011, pp. 602-609. Terrall, Erin. The Ends of the Means? Kantian Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism. YahooVoices.com. YahooVoices.com., 11 May. 2007. Web. 14 April 2013. Retrieved online: http://voices.yahoo.com/the-ends-means-kantian-ethics-vs-utilitarianism-337424.html

Social Costs To Those Entering Gender-Specific Sports :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Social Costs To Those Entering Gender-Specific Sports not Their Own I was part of the wrestling team when I was in middle school and in high school. While in middle school, the wrestling coaches were supportive of me and the other four girls on the team. We were trained as if we were men and competed with other team members. One girl was even cut from the team for not keeping up with the training that was expected of all team members. The other coaches in the school were not as supportive. P.E. teachers that were once friendly to the five of us became aloof and discriminatory. Students – other athletes, some on the wrestling team – taunted us. We five women on the wrestling team found we were no longer accepted by teachers and friends. We were never told that this change in attitude towards us was directly caused by our participation in a man's sport, but wrestling seems to be the only reason five women of different race, religion, and social grouping would have undergone such an experience. My teammates and I were outcast by many of our peers and punished in our classes by some of our teachers for participating in a non-traditional sport for women. When I received a wrestling injury that ended my wrestling season, I was still outcast because I carried the stigma of being a wrestler. In high school, I did not try out for the wrestling team until my sophomore year because I was afraid of the social implications that joining the wrestling team had. When I did try out with a friend in our second year of high school, we were accepted onto the team automatically so that our school could compete on the female level. We were not supported by the coaches or any of our teammates and were forced to sit out during trials. Off of the wrestling mat, we did not face any social repercussions for wrestling. Then again, we were not wrestling. We were not trained, we were not expected to weigh in, we were not a part of the team. In both middle school and high school, the social benefit would have been acceptance of female wrestlers and propagation of competitive female wrestling. My friends and I failed in both situations and suffered socially in one way or another for our efforts as a group.

Elements of Drama Essay

The Essential elements of drama are present in any play that you see, but the ideas have changed slightly over the years. Aristotle was the first to write about these essential elements, more than two thousand years ago, yet we still discuss his list when talking about what makes the best drama. Aristotle considered six things to be essential to good drama. Plot, Character, Theme, dialogue, music/rhythm and spectacle. In modern theater, this list has changed slightly, although many of the elements remain the same. The list of essential elements in modern theater are: * Character * Plot * Theme * Dialogue * Convention * Genre * Audience Plot: It is the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed. It refers to the action; the basic storyline of the play. Characters: They are the figures that acts in a play. a Flat character is known by one or two traits; a Round character is complex and many-sided; a Stock character is a stereotyped character; a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a Dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be 1. within the possibilities of the character; 2. sufficiently motivated; and 3. allowed sufficient time for change. Theme: While plot refers to the action of the play, theme refers to the meaning of the play. Theme is the main idea or lesson to be learned from the play. In some cases, the theme of a play is obvious; other times it is quite subtle. Conflict: It is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. A conflict is a person against person, a person against environment or a person against herself/himself. Spectacle: It refers to the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes and special effects. Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play. Genre: Genre refers to the type of play. Some examples of different genres include, comedy,  tragedy, mystery and historical play. Dialogue: This refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters in the play. The dialogue helps move the action of the play along. Music/Rhythm: While music is often featured in drama, in this case Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the actors’ voices as they speak. Convention: These are the techniques and methods used by the playwright and director to create the desired stylistic effect. Audience: This is the group of people who watch the play. Many playwrights and actors consider the audience to be the most important element of drama, as all of the effort put in to writing and producing a play is for the enjoyment of the audience.